Promoting the development of green finance in the Chengdu-Chongqing Economic Circle is crucial for safeguarding the ecological barrier in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River. This study systematically constructs a green finance indicator system and uses the entropy method to measure the green finance development level of the Chengdu-Chongqing Economic Circle from 2010 to 2021. It then employs the Dagum Gini coefficient and convergence models to analyze and test the regional differences and convergence characteristics. The findings reveal the following: The average green finance development level of the ChengduChongqing Economic Circle shows a fluctuating downward trend, with the western region showing a higher development level than the eastern and central regions. The overall regional disparity and the intra-regional and inter-regional disparities in green finance development level are all increasing, with hypervariable density being the primary contributing factor. The entire Chengdu-Chongqing Economic Circle and its different subgroups exhibit both absolute β-convergence and conditional β-convergence, with the western region and the low-level group showing the fastest speed of conditional β-convergence. Based on these findings, this study proposes relevant recommendations, including creating a favorable environment for green finance development, strengthening the radiating role of central cities, and guiding cities to develop according to local conditions.