Community renewal carries the dual significance of enhancing spatial quality and generating social benefits. Micro-level spatial practices present two distinct patterns of renewal governance. The relational structure among multiple subjects and their behavioral choices directly influence the effectiveness of renewal governance. Spatial issues driven by the logic of power are dominated by the government and professionals, and the project-based operation model leads to the stylized “ manufacturing of consent”, which exacerbates the tensions among subjects. In contrast, the renewal model of participatory construction shows a relatively balanced relational structure among subjects. A case study of the spatial transformation of H community in Shanghai reveals that reshaping the community through spatial renewal depends on the adjustment of the relationship structure by each subject in the action, so as to jointly promote a process reengineering aimed at strengthening residents’ subjectivity. The grassroots Party organizations and governments provide initial impetus, guidance, and coordination, and their proactive actions grant autonomy to social organizations and local residents. External social organizations build emotional and interest connections with the community, develop localized action strategies, and promote the reconstruction of the community’s relational network. Local residents’ participation in the whole process of appeal expression and neighborhood communication helps to stimulate the endogenous motivation of participation and create a community with close neighborhood communication. This indicates that in the practice of community renewal, identifying appropriate roles, coordinating relationships among stakeholders, and finding common ground for collective action are the keys to achieving successful renewal outcomes.