The disabled elderly face serious mental health problems, and it is urgent to help them rebuild a sense of self-worth and improve their psychological well-being. Based on data from the fifth round of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS), this study constructed an analytical model of the social determinants of mental health of disabled elderly and analyzed the data using multiple linear regression. The study finds that the average mental health score of the disabled elderly was (15. 43 ± 6. 62), with nearly 60% exhibiting depressive symptoms, indicating poor mental health. Based on the social determinants of health model and the regression analysis results, strategies to prevent mental health problems among the disabled elderly should be pursued across five dimensions: focusing on specific subgroups within the disabled elderly population, leveraging the physical-to-psychological benefits of healthy behaviors, mobilizing support from families and communities, improving material conditions while promoting equitable allocation of mental health service resources between urban and rural areas, and continuously narrowing gaps in medical security.