China’s demographic fertility transition and the evolution of fertility policies have highlighted a critical issue: how to provide more comprehensive support for childbearing families. From the perspective of fertility support policy implementation, the ways of supporting childbearing families are increasingly characterized by a trend toward socialized services involving multiple welfare providers. Against this backdrop, the service pathways of family social work in the practice of fertility support policies warrant further exploration. Through analysis of sample data, this study reveals the fertility support needs of pregnant women in areas such as maternal services, childcare services, and education and employment services. In response to the support needs of women during pregnancy and childbirth, this paper constructs preventive, interventional, and developmental service pathways for family social work in the domains of fertility support, fertility protection, and fertility friendliness. The aim is to facilitate the effective delivery of welfare resources embedded in fertility support policies and to enhance the effectiveness of policy implementation.