In the historical course of modernization, a large number of Western scholars have constructed a modern knowledge system with far-reaching influence across political, economic, cultural, and other fields, aiming to provide a framework for global modernization. In contrast, Marx offered a trenchant critique of the modern maladies arising from capitalist development, revealed fundamental social contradictions, and elucidated the laws of modernization that guide the future shift toward socialism and communism. Adhering to these laws of modernization, Lenin proposed the theory of “Victory of Socialism in One Country”, and the backward countries in the East, such as the Soviet Union, successfully broke the modernity curse of capitalism and achieved rapid development. Over its century-long quest for national rejuvenation, the Communist Party of China has similarly followed the laws of societal development, forging a distinct path to modernization suited to China’s conditions. Confronted with new circumstances and challenges in the new era, it is imperative to accelerate the construction of an autonomous knowledge system for Chinese modernization across political, economic, cultural, and other domains to enhance the soft power of China.