The close combination of science and technology, education, and talent is not only an inevitable trend of human social progress but also an essential requirement for the development of modern production and education. Classic Marxist writers attached great importance to the crucial role of science and technology and education in driving social transformation and the development of productive forces. The Communist Party of China has consistently prioritized education, science and technology, and talent throughout the revolutionary, construction, and reform periods, with this focus deepening continuously in accordance with the times. Confronted with the historical opportunities and challenges brought by a new round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation, the fourth plenary session of the 20th Central Committee of the Party incorporated the “integrated advancement of education, science and technology, and talent development” as a key strategic deployment into the 15th Five-Year Plan. This move fully demonstrates the Party Central Committee’s profound grasp of the intrinsic connections and development patterns among these three areas. It constitutes not only a strategic measure to seize the historic opportunities presented by the current technological and industrial transformation but also lays a solid foundation for building a strong educational system, enhancing scientific and technological strength, and fostering a high-quality workforce, thereby providing fundamental and strategic support for advancing the Chinese path to modernization.