Building a high-standard socialist market economy system is a pivotal mission for deepening China’s economic system reform in the new era and on the new journey. Under the centralized and unified leadership of the Communist Party of China (CPC), the organic integration of optimized resource allocation, innovation-driven development, and the healthy growth of capital constitutes the core dynamic chain for modernizing the socialist market economy with Chinese characteristics. Accelerating the establishment of this system involves not only consolidating existing achievements and institutional strengths but also overcoming structural constraints to achieve a systemic upgrade. The practical pathway entails: (1) upholding the Party’s leadership to safeguard the reform direction and ensure effective policy implementation; ( 2) unswervingly consolidating and developing the public sector and unswervingly encouraging, supporting, and guiding the development of the non-public sector to invigorate all market entities and harness the complementary advantages of both public and non-public sectors; (3) anchoring efforts in innovation and the cultivation of new quality productive forces to build a multi-agent collaborative innovation system; and (4) regulating and guiding the healthy development of capital to establish efficient resource allocation and robust risk-control mechanisms. Through this systematic practical pathway, the construction of a high-standard socialist market economy will achieve comprehensive advancement in institutional integrity, sustained dynamism, and risk resilience, thereby laying a solid foundation for Chinese modernization.