Based on the data from the Chinese General Social Survey(CGSS)from 2013 to 2018, this paper uses Probit model and Poisson model for analysis. Research has found that for every 1 unit increase in the frequency of internet use, the probability of residents choosing to have children will decrease by 2. 449 5%, and the number of children born will decrease by 1. 054 4%. This impact is more evident among urban residents, female groups, and individuals who have experienced higher education, and it is more significant after the introduction of the two-child policy. There are four mechanisms by which internet use affects residents’ fertility intention: firstly, it weakens the concept of “raising children to provide support in old age”; secondly, it changes the concept of “male superiority and female inferiority”; thirdly, it reduces the impact of health on work and life; fourthly, it has improved the subjective well-being of residents. Further analysis shows that the hindrance of internet use to fertility intention is more clearly reflected in the expectation of giving birth to boys, while there is no significant difference in the intention of having a girl. Therefore, strengthening the supervision of the internet and guiding residents to form a positive attitude towards childbearing will help alleviate the problem of low fertility rates in