Common prosperity is an essential requirement of socialism with Chinese characteristics. The dif- ficulty in achieving common prosperity for all people lies in increasing farmers’ income, and the key is to raise the income of low-income groups in rural areas. This paper analyzes the income characteristics of low-income groups in rural areas, as well as their sources and structure of income. The conclusions drawn are as follows: The wage and business income of low-income groups are relatively low, with a lower contribution rate to total in- come compared to other income groups, which is the main factor causing the significant gap with other income groups. The contribution rate of property income and transfer income to the total income of low-income groups is relatively close to those of other income groups, and its impact on the income disparity among rural residents is smaller. The research findings suggest that it is necessary to establish long-term mechanisms to promote stable growth in wage and business income for low-income groups in rural areas, steadily increase property income, and enhance transfer income. The main strategies for promoting long-term and stable income growth among low- income groups in rural areas are as follows: strengthening support for employment and entrepreneurship to help low-income groups “ earn money” ; transforming agricultural management practices to boost agricultural business income; developing and strengthening support industries to strengthen the role of industry in increasing income; improving the social security system to gradually achieve integrated social security for urban and rural residents; and revitalizing rural assets to open up channels for asset appreciation for low-income families.