Productive forces are the most active and revolutionary factor in the mode of production, and the decisive factor driving the development of human society. As an advanced productive force, new quality productive forces have inherent logical compatibility with the development philosophy and goal orientation of Chinesestyle modernization, serving as a new driving force and important material and technological foundation for promoting Chinese-style modernization. Agriculture is the foundation of China’s national economy, and developing new quality agricultural productive forces is an inherent requirement and important focus for leading the transformation and upgrading of the modern agricultural industry and promoting high-quality agricultural development.Agricultural and rural modernization is an integral part of Chinese-style modernization. To advance Chinese-style modernization, we must persistently consolidate the agricultural foundation and use new quality productive forces as an engine to lead Chinese-style modernization. New quality agricultural productive forces in the perspective of Chinese-style modernization present holistic and comprehensive characteristics in political, economic, cultural, social, and ecological aspects. Accelerating the development of new quality agricultural productive forces has important value implications for promoting high-quality agricultural development in the new era and advancing the process of Chinese-style modernization. From the perspective of Chinese-style modernization, promoting the transformation from traditional agriculture to modern agriculture and achieving a leap in new quality agricultural productive forces require coordinated advancement in areas such as efficient institutional supply, digitalization and intelligence of agricultural development, marketization of factor allocation, diversification of business models, and integration of three industries, to promote the accelerated generation and sustainable development of new quality agricultural productive forces.