The development of European football has brought about various effects in economic, social, and other aspects. Governments of several countries including Germany, England, France, and Norway regard the community as the carrier of practical ideas and football as a tool to achieve the goal of community governance, with fans becoming inheritors of community governance. Consequently, the civic identity of fans has been highlighted, and government policies towards fans have shifted from control and management to guidance and cooperation, with the government acting as a “coordinator”, “supervisor”, and “promoter”. Therefore, guided by the spirit of the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, this paper analyzes the reform of football governance in Europe, and studies and analyzes the practices of fan participation in football governance supported by various countries. This includes fans participating in governance through social enterprises, government support and guidance for the development of fan and social enterprises, and optimization of management and operation through policy measures, providing a realistic basis for football governance in China.