The deep integration of digital technology and ideological and political education has reshaped the ideological and political education concept, decision-making and evaluation mechanism, and data ideological and political education has become a new paradigm of ideological and political education. To give full play to the educational efficiency of data ideology and politics, we should examine data ideology and politics in theory and reality, and analyze the limitations and negative effects of data ideology and politics. From the theoretical perspective of data ideology and politics: data ideology and politics are data -centered instead of human -centered, seeking correlation instead of causality and empiricism instead of rationalism. From the reality of data ideology and politics, there are challenges of data dependence, data risk and data gap. It is necessary to establish the power boundary of data, give play to the advantages of digital technology, improve the data literacy of citizens, and perfect the data ideological and political work system to avoid the limitations and negative effects of data ideological and political work, promote the high-quality development of data ideological and political work, and make data ideological and political work truly become the practical guidance of ideological and political education modernization.