The report of the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China emphasized the need to “strengthen the protection of rights and interests of workers in flexible employment and new forms of employment”. Focusing on this theme, this study employs literature analysis tools such as CiteSpace to quantitatively analyze recent domestic and international literature on the protection of the rights and interests of workers in new forms of employment. Metrics such as publication volume, citation frequency, journal impact factor, core author groups, and keyword clusters are examined to systematically trace the research trends. The study concludes with the following findings and future research prospects: in the past decade, research on the protection of rights and interests of workers in new forms of employment has gradually deepened globally; however, the overall literature volume is relatively limited, and the core author groups are relatively dispersed, with modest academic influence. Future research is expected to focus on two aspects: the recognition of new employment relationships for workers in new forms of employment and the protection of labor rights. Additionally, efforts will be directed toward substantive breakthroughs in the innovation of labor union functions, legislative practices, and social insurance policy implementation.