With the continuous advancement of technology, digital technology is increasingly being applied in various sectors of production and daily life. As a new trade model, digital trade is leading the way in trade development. By examining digital service trade delivered through digital technology, this study constructs a comprehensive evaluation index for the international competitiveness of digital service trade based on factor analysis. Using OECD member countries and BRICS countries as samples from 2014 to 2018, the study compares and analyzes the composite factor scores and rankings of 40 sample countries. The results show that developed countries have strong competitiveness in the digital service trade and occupy a dominant position, while developing countries have weak export competitiveness and are in a disadvantaged position. The international competitiveness of China’s digital service trade has been improved rapidly, but China is at a disadvantage in terms of digital infrastructure construction and policy support environment. Accordingly, policy recommendations are proposed.