This study investigated 100 medical social workers to explore their willingness to stay in their jobs and the factors affecting them. The study found that 95% of the medical social workers had some willingness to stay in their jobs. Marital status, work experience, work autonomy, and social support from the hospital system had a significant positive effect on the willingness of medical social workers to stay in their jobs, while role ambiguity and job burnout had a significant negative effect on the willingness of medical social workers to stay in their jobs. Among these factors, job autonomy and social support from the hospital system significantly increased the willingness of medical social workers to stay in their jobs. The study suggests that the willingness of medical social workers to stay in their jobs can be improved by clarifying the division of roles and responsibilities, increasing job autonomy, enhancing social support, and decreasing the burnout of medical social workers.