In the aftermath of major sudden public health incidents, to reduce transmission risks of virus and alleviate the resulting unfavorable impacts, how to devise an effective humanitarian supply chain seems critical. Firstly, an overview of emergency material management under major sudden public health incidents is analyzed from the viewpoint of daily necessities, medical supplies, and vaccines. Then, the current status regarding disaster debris management in the context of major sudden public health incidents is concluded from the perspective of routing planning and location-transportation. Next, different emergency tasks are used to summarize the progress on human resource management in major sudden public health incidents. Finally, several potential topics on humanitarian supply chain management are given from the aspects of strategic plan, emergency material, disaster debris, and human resource management. Results demonstrate that the promising topics include strategic plan on humanitarian supply chain management, digital transformation and upgrade path regarding emergency material management, multi-agent and global based disaster debris management, and multi-dimension based social organization management.