Consumer environmental awareness not only promotes environmental protection, but also changes consumer behavior, market demand, consumer welfare and corporate profit distribution. However, existing studies hardly involve the distribution effect of consumer environmental awareness, which is the interface of environmental protection, consumption behavior, and social distribution. In this regard, from the perspective of the supply chain system, a game model is developed to solve the supply chain pricing and eco-technology investment decisions, to analyze the chain reaction caused by the cascading of consumer environmental awareness, and to study how consumer environmental awareness changes the social distribution pattern. The findings are as follows. Firstly, consumer environmental awareness raises market prices and also raises firm profits, but reduces consumer welfare. Secondly, consumer environmental awareness raises the distributional position of firms, with a greater degree of increase for retail firms, but decreases the distributional position of consumers. Finally, the stronger the environmental awareness of consumers, the greater the increase in the distributional position of firms and the greater the decrease in consumer welfare. This study enriches the understanding of the multiple roles of consumer environmental awareness and facilitates the formulation of scientific and rational development policies by reasonably weighing the environmental, economic, and distributional aspects.