Over the past 70 years since the founding of the People’s Republic of China, the modernization of environmental governance in Chinese style has progressed through practical exploration and theoretical sublimation, learning from the outside while rooting in itself, and abandoning bad traditions while facing the future. From its initial incubation to its later establishment, China’s environmental governance has gone through a process from a loose to a tight linkage with the national governance system. The evolution of Chinese environmental governance modernization follows five logics: continuously meeting people’s needs for a quality environment, changing from prioritizing economic growth to coordinating the development between environment and economy and moving toward green development, following the reform path of moving towards incentive compatibility in the combination of constraints and incentives, moving towards collaborative governance from one administrative region to multiple regions, from one subject to multiple subjects, and moving from learning to innovation while actively taking the responsibility for global environmental governance. The evolution of environmental governance in China presents a practical logic that is fundamentally oriented to solving practical problems, rather than an idealized theoretical logic.