This paper examines the practical effect of poverty alleviation in China from the perspective of the sense of gain of people getting out of poverty. Through the investigation and research of 1 518 farmers in 48 villages in Guangdong Province who have been out of poverty, it is found that their family’s per capita annual income continues to increase and is significantly higher than the known poverty alleviation income line, and the industrial poverty alleviation has a significant effect on income growth. Based on objective needs such as the number of the family labor force, the number of elderly people, and the number of students and children, most poverty alleviation households have consciously obtained poverty alleviation policy benefits that reflect objective opportunities. People who have been out of poverty have a higher sense of gain, and there is no difference due to the demographic characteristics of the surveyed individuals. The sense of gain is significantly negatively correlated with objective needs and positively correlated with objective gains. When the demand increases, the sense of gain will increase significantly. This means that the logic of targeted poverty alleviation based on demand-acquisition-satisfaction in the new era has practical effects. However, the sense of gain will be significantly lower when the objective gain is determined and the demands are increasing. Income has the greatest impact. Therefore, in the post-poverty era, it is necessary to continue to promote the development of rural industries, strengthen the vocational skills training for the labor force and support for rural education, so as to ensure and improve the sustainability of poverty alleviation quality from the external foundation, the internal motivation of adults and the intergenerational development potential.