The research on mental health social work practice system in China has gone through a hundred years from the formation, development and reconstruction. Since the Republic of China, mental health social work in China has initially entered the category of academic research. At present, the national strategy of “Healthy China” has once again become a research focus, and innovative progress has been made in practical theory, service path and strategy. Based on the method of literature research, this paper sorts out the current research status of China’s mental health social work practice system, reviews this issue from the perspectives of the actual situation and needs assessment of patients with mental disorders, the concept of mental health social work, and the service path of mental health social work, and explores the service status and research trend of mental health social work practice system from the aspects of service concept, service method, service mode, service content, service form and supply. This paper points out that the current research trend of mental health social work in China has undergone a transformation of multi-disciplinary integration and service concept integration, and the summary of research experience and rules has laid a solid foundation for promoting the innovation of future practical theory and practice.