Because of the low education level,the old people who lost their only child in rural areas have no stable income and security in their later years.They are in an all-round physical and mental dilemma from life,social relations,social integration and so on.On the basis of theoretical analysis of social support,this paper analyzes the current situation and demand of the elderly who lost their only child in rural areas,studies the main factors affecting the plight of social assistance for the elderly who lost their only child in rural areas,analyzes the current situation and problems of organizations offering social assistance to the bereaved parents of only child,and puts forward a multi-social assistance mechanism for the elderly by“the linkage of six social organizations”with the government as the center.