During the Anti-Japanese War,the CPC played a central role,and had different performance in different regions.The rear area of the Anti-Japanese War was the western region of China centered on Chongqing,which was the most important stage of the CPC except the Anti-Japanese foothold areas.The main work of the CPC in the rear area of the Anti-Japanese War was to work for the united front.They maintained the cooperation between KMT and CPC to lay the political basis for the victory of Anti-Japanese War,strived for the middle forces to enlarge the progressive force,prospered the culture for the War to provide spirit resources for the victory of the War,and opened up non-governmental diplomacy to create good environment for the victory of the Anti-Japanese War.The deep summary of the historical role of the CPC in the rear area of the Anti-Japanese War is helpful to strengthen the recognition of a central role of the CPC in the Anti-Japanese War and understand the important role of the united front in revolution,reform and construction,and provide vivid materials for the CPC history education activities.