Using the survey data of migrant entrepreneurship in Three Gorges Reservoir Area, this paper empirically tests the impact of the migrant parents’ social capital and prior experience on migrant entrepreneurial opportunity identification, and examines the moderating role of the migrant social security system in the relationship between parents’social capital and migrant entrepreneurial opportunity identification. The results show that the migrant parents’social capital has significantly positive influence on migrant entrepreneurial opportunity identification, that previous entrepreneurial experience, previous entrepreneurial training experience and previous management training experience also have positive influence on migrant entrepreneurial opportunity identification, however, previous technical training experience has significantly negative influence on it; and that social security system negatively moderates the relationship between parents’ social capital and entrepreneurial opportunity identification of the migrants.