The academic circles in mainland China were short of attention to the purport of Macintyre’s reconstruction of modern society and reviving of teleology， and the interpretation of virtue theory also had the tendency of fragmentation and even misreading. Macintyre’s virtue theory substantially was historicist sociological criticism， and it asserted that rationality of a moral theory depended on rationality of social model presupposed by the theory， and that non-historicist and individualist abstract human nature and social institution presupposed by modern moral planning should be rejected. Modern moral planning inevitably failed， because of the abandonment of teleological framework which contained the essential factor， namely， “human-nature-as-it-could-be-if-it-realized-its-telos”. Virtues were the human characters which were made for subsistence and development of practice with intrinsic interest， teleological narrative of life， and shared moral tradition. Although all kinds of moral traditions had their specific characteristics， they were open to the future and could communicate with each other. Cooperative community with shared goods was social condition of subsistence of virtues， and various local communities should be set up in order to counteract the erosion of virtue by modern capitalism.