Based on the data of urban and rural 1,520 families in Chengdu and Chongqing areas, this paper compares the number of juveniles and family education investment, and the comparison finds that whether in urban families or rural families, under the premise of limited resources, the number of juveniles has negative effect on per capita education investment. In addition, in urban samples, because education investment ability decline, the bigger the age of family heads, the lower the willing of investment in education is.