After the Eighteenth Meeting of Communist Party of China, China enters into the new period of reform and development, the mission in the social development of the new period and the new poverty challenge China’s social assistance unprecedentedly. The left behind children’s suicide incident at Bijie of Guizhou reflects that China’s social assistance still has such problems as the concept of relief still in the transition from negative to positive relief, the lacks of legislation support and compelling in relief work, simple relief way, the lack of management, coordination and communication among relief departments, weak rural grassroots relief force, and so on. In order to meet the challenge and to change the discomfort, China’s social assistance should improve and perfect the legislation, the idea, the method, the management and the team construction for social relief, so as to give full play in the social assistance as the last line of social security and in the role of the safety net.