How to realize the unification of modernization and socialism is a challenge of hard exploration of modern Chinese. MAO continued the exploration, and he both highly thought of Sun Yatsen’s livelihood and fully affirmed the cosmopolitism of Kang Youwei. Therefore, he applied Marxism to the practice of China and adhered to the modern social idealistic goal. Not only did he consider communism as the ideality, but put it as guiding ideology of the theoretical foundation and realistic movement. Although the “great leap forward” and the people’s commune movement had caused a number of setbacks to the modernization, his critical surpassing spirit, the concept of the people’s main idea and the moral construction thought are the precious spiritual wealth.