The result shows that China’s rural economic growth and welfare level have obvious regional differences, both of them are presented the law of diminishing from east to west; that, in most of the provinces and the municipalities, the coupling of economic growth and welfare has experienced from barely coordinated transition to the basic coordination, but there is a further room for the two to be improved, that the economic growth index and the coupling degree show a consistent volatility, and that the economic subsystem has a traction effect on the whole system. Currently, accelerating the development of the rural economy, extending essential supplies and speeding up the process of urbanization in rural areas are the effective ways to realize the coordinated development of economic growth and welfare in the rural areas of China.