What is social work, as a century question, is the basic question of social work discipline. The discussion on the basic targets of social work helps to ultimately respond to this problem. Concretely, the basic objects of social work are the construction of ability and the construction of social relationship. Through “help”, social work fully helps recipient tap their potential and initiative, helps them face the dilemma of life, which finally realizes recipient’s “selfhelp”. By playing “link to resources” role, social work helps recipients to construct relationship, gets enough resources to help them overcome the difficulties of life, which finally realize the recipient’s “otherhelp”. Capacity building and relationship construction are interdependent and indivisible. Ability construction is the foundation of the management of social relations, and social relations are the method to demonstrate ability. Only by paying attention to the two factors, can the general goal of social work “help people and selfhelp” be realized smoothly.