As a school of literary criticism, ecocriticism, born in 1990s, is the study of literature and the environment from an interdisciplinary point of view. Ecocriticism introspects the relations between human and nature, opposes “anthropocentrism” and advocates “ecocentrism” and environmental fairness. Ecofeminism, the branch of ecocriticism， criticizes the double oppressions on women and nature of androcentrism. Deep ecology urges to achieve a profound state of selfconsciousness and earth wisdom beyond ecology, “cultural” ecologism believes that environmental problems of biodiversity will definitely reflect in languages and literatures and the focus of ecological literature of Indians moves from social relations to natural relations. So many masterpieces of ecological literature reflect rich ecological thinking which indicates ecocriticism is a way to fight for human survival in the world.