Economic liberalism emphasizes the efficiency, and social security system secures fairness. How to realize the coordination between fairness and efficiency is the problem that we must be faced and solved actively. Whether the balance between the efficiency and fairness can be reached is an important condition to realize social stability and harmonious development. Review and summarization of the development history and interactive relation between economic liberalism ideological trend and social security system are of important significance to perfect the construction of social security system of China and to boost the harmonious development of the society.