In recent years, agricultural catastrophe has caused incalculable loss to agricultural production, human life and property, therefore, the establishment and perfection of agricultural catastrophe insurance mechanism is urgent. Taking the path advancement for agricultural catastrophe insurance mechanism design as a clue, this paper starts the comparison of the disperse mechanism for several traditional agricultural catastrophe risks from the insurability of agricultural catastrophe risks, on the basis of agricultural reinsurance system arrangement, generalizes and summarizes the related literatures at home and abroad, and expounds the research progress in agricultural catastrophe insurance mechanism design and the key problems urgently needed to be solved in order to provide beneficial reference for further research and practice in China.