Based on the analysis of “a peasant household”, a microsubject of agricultural economic activities, and foregone research literatures, this paper makes empirical analysis of the relationship between peasant household entrepreneurship and countyregional economic development, reveals multiple effects of peasant household entrepreneurship on traditional agriculture transformation, rural nonagricultural industry development and the promotion of rural urbanization and industrialization development, examines the transmission mechanism of peasant household entrepreneurship on changing traditional agriculture, developing nonagricultural industry and developing rural urbanization, and points out policy framework for boosting peasant households to extensively participate in the entrepreneurship from such three perspectives as perfecting entrepreneurship cultivation mechanism, implementing guarantee engineering for the entrepreneurship activities of peasant households and promoting support power for the entrepreneurship activities of peasant households.