Based on the chapter names of The Story of the Stone, which is the old version of A Dream in Red Mansions, this article analyzes its linguistic expressions of metonymy and metaphor. It is found that 1) there are more metonymic expressions than metaphorical ones; 2) The metonymic expressions can be generalized into eight models, namely, the part for the whole, the whole for the pall, the place for the person, the feature for the person or the thing, the representative for the general, the tool for the product, the material for the product and the result for the reason; 3) Similarly, the metaphorical expressions can be summarized as three metaphorical concepts which are that the abstract is the specific, that people are animals or plants and that one thing without a typical trait is the thing with it. In the end, the author points out the rhetoric and cognitive function of these metonymic and metaphoric expressions