This paper has developed a method to evaluate the fairness of the regional allocation of financial loans, analyzed its affective factors, and empirically tested the regional distribution of financial loans from1978 to 2005 in China .The research shows that the fairness of the regional allocation of financial loans is affected by the financial factors, the open factor and so on. The financial factor and the fairness are influenced by each other. Besides, the fairness has become more unfair after the Tax Sharing Reform. The policy implication of this paper is that the financial distribution should be combined with the financial system and the governmental financial intervention.