The rational and effective allocation of welfare resources within the constraints of economics and politics to meet human needs has always been a major issue in welfare governance worldwide. Welfare governance is a social product that has evolved from Western countries’ response to the welfare crisis during the “de-welfare state” phase since the 1970s. In the practice of welfare policy, new communitarianism, the “third way” and welfare pluralism have been its inherent doctrinal support. Following the generative process and operational logic of welfare governance, it demonstrates multiple characteristics such as the diversity of governing subjects, network cooperation among diverse subjects, decentralization, quasi-marketization, and socialization. Upholding the principles of equality, democracy, and pluralistic development, the value orientation of welfare governance has shifted from “individualism” to “collectivism”.