The problem of women’s poverty is a major issue faced by all countries in the world. As the mainstream paradigm in the field of postmodern women’s development, the theory of women’s empowerment has reference significance for alleviating the relative poverty of rural women in China. On the basis of an in-depth explanation of the theoretical core of women’s empowerment and the logic of poverty reduction and through a detailed analysis of the multidimensional representation and internal causes of the relative poverty of rural women in China, this paper attempts to construct a long-term poverty reduction mechanism with “state-market-society-individual” as the empowerment framework, so as to form a comprehensive and normalized governance pattern of collaborative empowerment of multiple subjects, and ultimately realize the all-round development of poor women.