Based on the perspective of market heterogeneity, this paper establishes a simultaneous equations model to discuss the relationship between tourism demand, economic growth and poverty alleviation in the whole and segment markets (including South Korea, Japan, the United States, and other markets）. The research shows that tourism demand has a significant positive impact on economic growth and poverty alleviation on the whole. In segmented markets, the impact of tourism demand on economic growth is obvious in the United States, Japan, and other markets, while the impact of tourism demand on poverty alleviation is significant only in Japan and other markets. The market-based differentiation analysis can help us better understand the diverse markets and build a competitive edge.