Promoting the modernization of the national governance system and governance capacity is an important issue for China to become a great modern socialist country. Since the Fourth Plenary Session of the 19th Central Committee of the CPC and the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the academic circle has conducted much research on the era orientation, institutional advantages and practical strategies of the modernization of national governance in the new era, with fruitful consensus results. Summarizing these research results will not only help us clarify the key and difficult issues in the modernization of national governance under the new situation. Moreover, it can examine the target, direction and practical measures for the modernization of national governance in China from multiple perspectives, and provide useful theoretical thinking for the comprehensive construction of a modernized socialist country.