After 2020,China said goodbye to absolute poverty and enters a post poverty-alleviation era of relative poverty.How to solve the relative poverty and build a long-term mechanism of poverty control is the hot and difficult point of the researches.Reviewing the literatures from 2015 to 2020,this paper analyzes the academic progress,consensus and practical model of social work in anti-poverty.In the post poverty-alleviation era,the problems such as relative poverty,regional characteristics of poverty,risk of returning to poverty and major poverty groups still exist and change.Social work can respond to the complexity and new turn of relative poverty and has unique professional advantages.Social work responds to the problem of relative poverty from the root and has explored a set of work process,implementation path and practice mode.The community development mode,financial social work mode,social service and social assistance mode of social work practice provide important reference for future anti-poverty work.Therefore,this paper proposes that social work should be included in the long-term mechanism of anti-poverty and suggests that the subject status of social work should be enhanced in the anti-poverty work,detailed classification of the anti-poverty work should be conducted and the researches should be based on the indigenization theory and evidence.