Realizing the organic connection between small farmers and modern agricultural development has become a new hotspot for scholars to study and explore. It will be helpful to further promote the academic exploration in this field by studying and summarizing the existing researches on the organic connection between small farmers and modern agricultural development in China. Based on the domestic literature retrieval platform CNKI and literature research method, this paper systematically summarizes and analyzes the researches on the organic connection between domestic small farmers and modern agricultural development. It is found that the existing researches are mainly based on theoretical discussion, experience reference, case analysis and summary induction, which have problems such as unclear concept definition, single research perspective, rare empirical research, and mechanical copying of foreign experience and so on. It is pointed out that future research should clarify the connotation and essential difference between“small farmers” and “small farmer households”, broaden the research perspective, construct quantitative empirical models, and carefully learn from international experience to strengthen academic exploration.