Based on the provincial dynamic panel data of China from 2007 to 2016,this paper empirically studies the Kuznets curve effect of fiscal revenue decentralization and expenditure decentralization on local government’s investment in science and technology using the systematic GMM estimation method.The results show that during the sample inspection period,the influence of the decentralization of fiscal revenue and the decentralization of expenditure on the investment of local government in science and technology has a significant inverted “U” type characteristic,that the increase of the provincial fiscal decentralization significantly encourages local governments to expand the scale of scientific and technological input,and strides over the turning point of the inverted “U” curve,and that the positive action of fiscal decentralization on the local government science and technology investment disappears and becomes negative suppression.In the series of control variables,the level of regional economic development,openness,and government competition have a positive effect on the investment of local government in science and technology,but the influence of government competition is not significant.However,last year level of governmental investment in science and technology and urbanization level have negative inhibitory effect on local government science and technology investment,but the impact of the latter is not significant.Using the index of fiscal selfsufficiency rate to replace fiscal decentralization variables for quadratic regression shows that the research results have good robustness.The research conclusions can provide decisionmaking reference for redividing the responsibilities of the central and local governments for science and technology investment,improving the criteria for the promotion and assessment of local officials,improving the efficiency of the use of financial funds for science and technology,increasing financial transfer payments to less developed regions,and promoting interregional cooperation in science and technology investment.