The values， working method，working process and target of social work are all similar to the targeted poverty alleviation work， so the social work has a natural advantage to involve in targeted poverty alleviation and rural development projects.To solve above problems， the paper summarizes the problems and contradictions in the social work in the implementation of the “special plan of three regions”. On that basis， the paper puts forward several problems that should be well handled in poverty alleviation and rural development. Finally， combining with the strategy of rural revitalization advanced in the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China， the paper discusses what and how the social work will work in rural construction in the future.