Drama theory is widely used in various fields in recent years, but its application to social work practice of teenagers is few. By using the method of literature and participatory observation, this paper analyzes the composition of Goffman’s Dramatic Theory and the core factors of dramatic theory, studies the relation between dramatic theory and youth social work service, and combines the specialized ideas, methods and skills of social work to conduct the research by taking the Project of Little Child with Big Dream, one person-one story theater, as an example to explore the role of drama theory in social work practice and its concrete operation process.