Based on the data of 25 provinces from 2003 to 2014 in China, this paper uses “public science and technology financial resources, funds, technology achievements” as the indicators to evaluate the various regions of public finance of science and technology in China. The results of Chinese public finance of science and technology show that Chinese public technology financial development index has significant regional disparities. In order to further study the public finance of science and technology development index differences, the paper analyzes the contribution degree of various indicators of public finance of science and technology to total index, and then provides policy recommendations for developing the public finance of science and technology in China.