Cultural attribute and economic attribute are double attributes of intangible cultural inheritance. Cultural attribute means that intangible cultural inheritance is human public cultural resource and is its basic attribute, which determines that governments (public laws), as the representatives of public interests, are necessary to protect it. However, the realization of economic interests brings the economic interests, the driving of economic interests can encourage actors, this kind of encouragement can have noresponse or have very much limited response to the governments which maintain public interests but which do not aim to have return, on the contrary, private main bodies which depend on the market and which have “economic rationality”, have big driven response to the inheritance. The economic attribute makes the holders of the inheritance can obtain economic interests, makes the bestowing of private rights necessary, and further determines that intellectual property protection is legitimate. The development of economic attribute helps to raise its cultural attribute, the public laws and private laws in protecting the inheritance are not opposite but support each other and the combination of the two realizes the effective protection of the inheritance.