The theoretical education of socialism with Chinese characteristics is an important content of ideological and political education in colleges and universities, however, the analysis of cognitive mechanism on Chinese to master the theory of socialism with Chinese characteristics heart and soul from the perspective of cognitive psychology is conducive to the understanding of the whole process of college students’ acknowledgement, identification and utilization of the theory of socialism with Chinese characteristics. The countermeasures for mastering the theory of socialism with Chinese characteristics heart and soul are to indoctrinate the theory, to individualize the theory and to psychologically acknowledge the theory.