Chinese Government is one of the most important subjects for monitoring food safety. The monitoring duty on food safety is related to whether safe and reliable food can be provided for the public and to whether society is stable and to whether economy is developing. The history in monitoring system on food safety showed “smashed” monitoring duty which is closely related to social structure transition, system evolution and government department reform. This paper uses holistic governance theory as explanation framework to analyze the reasons for the defect of governmental monitoring duty on food safety and suggests that institutionalization of the cooperation inside a government department and between governmental departments to bring social diversified management forces into coordinative system in order to construct a coordinative network structure inside a government department and between government departments and between social monitoring subjects, which is a response to public administration’s adaptation to social reform and development.