As a bannerman of new cultural movement, although Chen Duxiu devoted most of his time in his life to political revolution and cultural reform and did not make relatively systematic discussion on social and economic development, he did not give up the exploration on the importance of the economic development issue in China and advanced valuable ideas on economic development of China such as objectively evaluating capitalist production method, vigorously developing productivity in socialist society, owning multiple economic development methods in socialist countries, and emphasizing fairness and efficiency in socialist economic development.