In the history of China, the literature phenomena in several periods are fascinating. Jianan literature was thriving in disordered social times, the literature in Tang Dynasty was prosperous in good social order, however, in the early days of Ming Dynasty, the literature was not thriving in the good social order, and in the later period of Ming Dynasty, the literature was prosperous in the declined society. The era background and artistic soil of Jianan literature are really analyzed in order to reveal the ecological cause for the thriving of Jianan literature in this paper.